Rabbit Care Guide

Written by Dr. Barry Baker, Exotic Animal Veterinarian

Rabbits are intelligent, active, and affectionate pets that can bring real joy to a household. Whether you’re considering adopting your first rabbit or are a longtime bunny owner, this guide will help you better understand their care needs. As an AAHA-accredited veterinary hospital on the South Shore, Duxbury Animal Hospital is proud to provide knowledgeable Exotic Pet Care — from housing and diet to common medical issues, we’ve got you covered.

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Is a Rabbit Right for You?

Rabbits typically live 6 to 10 years, and some live even longer with proper care. They need regular daily exercise and stimulation to stay physically and mentally healthy. While they can be kept indoors, outdoors, or a combination of both, they do best with consistent access to a clean, safe environment and attention from their human companions.
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Common Health Issues

Because rabbits are prey animals, they often hide signs of illness, which makes regular checkups with a veterinarian experienced in rabbit care essential. Watch for changes in your rabbit’s appetite, droppings, and behavior, and be aware of common rabbit health issues, including:
  • Dental disease
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) stasis — this is an emergency
  • Pneumonia and upper respiratory infections (Pasteurellosis)
  • Bladder stones
  • Ovarian cysts
  • Cancer
  • Pododermatitis (sore feet)
  • Conjunctivitis (eye infections)
  • Neurologic disease (Encephalitozoonosis)
  • Spinal fractures
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Understanding Their Habitat

Forget small cages. Rabbits need spacious living areas to hop, explore, and stretch — think of it as giving them their own little apartment. A hutch is a good start, but they also need access to a larger run or a dedicated room, since they’re naturally active and need space to exercise.

Spaying and Neutering

Spaying or neutering is highly recommended for rabbits. As they age, they can develop cysts and tumors in their reproductive organs, which can shorten their lifespan — and spaying or neutering eliminates many of these risks. Talk with your veterinarian about whether your rabbit is a good candidate for surgery, especially given the anesthesia risks involved.

What Should a Rabbit's Diet Include?

Hay is the cornerstone of a rabbit’s diet and should make up about 80% of what they eat — it’s the fiber that keeps their digestive system running smoothly, and timothy hay is a great option. Because a rabbit’s teeth grow continuously, hay is also vital for wearing them down and preventing dental problems.

Fresh leafy greens such as romaine lettuce, kale, and parsley are a daily essential, but be cautious with greens high in calcium, which can contribute to bladder stones. Pellets should be offered sparingly — only about a quarter cup a day — rather than as a main food source. Fruits and sugary treats should be rare indulgences. Access to unfiltered sunlight is also beneficial for natural vitamin D production.

Behavior and Housing Needs

Rabbits are prey animals, which makes them naturally cautious and easily startled. Providing a hide box or safe retreat is important for their sense of security. Indoors, they can have free run of a rabbit-proofed home — be sure to cover wires, secure toxic plants, and protect furniture and baseboards from nibbling.

Multiple rabbits should each have their own space to prevent territorial disputes. Enclosures should include soft, thick bedding and be kept clean and dry. Avoid wire flooring, which can lead to pododermatitis (sore feet), and give outdoor rabbits shaded, weather-protected hutches. With patience and consistency, rabbits can even be litter box trained.

The Key Points of Rabbit Care

Caring for a rabbit takes space, a proper diet, social interaction, and diligent health monitoring. These intelligent, affectionate animals can bring immense joy to your home, but it’s important to understand their needs before bringing one home. Proper care makes a genuine difference in a rabbit’s well-being.

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Questions About Your Rabbit?

If you have questions about rabbit care or would like to schedule a wellness exam, our team is here to help. Please call us at (781) 737-7820 or email info@duxburyanimalhospital.com. We want you and your rabbit to enjoy a happy, healthy life together.

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